NFAT5 and cancer: In addition to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases and cancers, NFAT5 is involved in the induction of diseases by multiple viruses, such as Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) (28, 29), hepatitis B virus (HBV) (30), HCV (31), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) (32), and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) (33, 34).