TNF and cancer: GSVA was also performed to characterize different sources of mucous and SRCC cells.PDAucous cells, SRCC cells were enriched for signalling pathways such as the tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling pathways, which are crucial for cancer development (Fig. 3f).