Western blotting and qPCR results indicated that HOXD9, PABPC1, and PAK1 were usually upregulated, whereas PAXIP1-AS1 was frequently downregulated in the 15 tumour samples examined compared to that in the paired paracancerous tissues from the same patient (Fig. 8B, C). This evidence concerns the gene PABPC1 and neoplasm.