PI3K-Akt activation has been involved in the TLR3-induced apoptosis of cultured salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs),33 whereas upregulated expression of the phosphorylated ribosomal S6 protein (pS6), an end-result of PI3K signalling, has been detected in the infiltrating T and B lymphocytes at the MSG lesions of pSS patients34,35; nevertheless, without specifying if this was mediated by the Akt/mTOR or Ras/ERK pathways. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is peeling skin syndrome.