HMGB1 has also been reported to be the mechanism of various cytopenia diseases, even though not directed on HSCs, such as chronic idiopathic neutropenia (CIP) (80), immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) (81, 82), anemia of inflammation (AI) (83, 84), and BMF (85) (Figure 3). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is anemia.