Next, 82 activated signaling pathways were analyzed and identified in PCa, 63 of which were shared by the primary and lymphatic metastatic lesions (Fig. 9C, D), and nine were unique to the primary lesions, including GDF, PARs, CDH, CADH, BMP, TGFb, CX3C, DESMOSOME, and WNT, among which GDF and PARs were more active. Here, TGFB1 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.