Dual NLCs, which are nanostructured lipid carriers modified with two stable D-peptides D8 (targeting nicotine acetylcholine receptors) and RI-VAP (binding to CS-GRP78) were found to specifically internalize into blood-brain endothelial cells, tumour neovascular endothelial cells and glioma cells with high efficiency and can effectively penetrate through in-vitro BBB and BBTB models. Here, HSPA5 is linked to central nervous system cancer.