IFNG and tuberculosis: Regarding TB, TNF-α is involved in the differentiation of T-cells secreting Th1 cytokines, granuloma formation with phagocytic Mφ and epithelioid cell activation and mycobacterial death, together with IFN-γ, stimulation of apoptosis of mycobacteria-containing Mφ, stimulation of chemokine production (CCL-2, -3, -4, -5, -8) and endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression (CD54), leading to cell accumulation in inflammatory foci.