The two drugs were also found to have six overlapping targets, including APOA1, RAF1, MAPK3, CCL2, ICAM1, and MAPK1, that play a role in pathways such as lipid and atherosclerosis and TNF signaling, a pathway known to play a part in insulin resistance20, further supporting our hypothesis of using the PB-MET combination to tackle oxidative stress and hypercholesterolemia along with serum glucose levels and insulin resistance in T2D. Here, RAF1 is linked to atherosclerosis.