HRAS and cancer: In addition, new members of Ras subfamily are being discovered through sequence homology screen and their functions are distinct from well-characterized Ras subfamily members like HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS.11 For example, DIRAS subgroup, consisting of DIRAS-1, DIRAS-2, and DIRAS-3 (Noey2), were found to be downregulated in cancer and act as tumor suppressors.12–15 Their biochemical properties and physiological functions remain to be further elucidated prior to being established as therapeutic targets of tumors.