RAC1 and urinary bladder carcinoma: Inhibition of Rac1 has been shown to prevent metastasis of bladder cancer.233 In non-cancerous pathology, Rac1 contributes to pulmonary hypertension via its role in NO-mediated smooth muscle relaxation.234 Disruption of Rac1 macrophage regulation has been shown to increase disease stability in atherosclerosis as well,235 highlighting its role in development of the disease.