One of these effector molecules is RalF, which contains a domain homologous with Arf GEFs.256 The bacteria utilize this homology to recruit Arf to bacteria-containing vacuoles and allow the bacteria to proliferate.257 Furthermore, ARL13B mutations have been shown to contribute to the pathophysiology of inherited disorders such as Meckel-Gruber syndrome, Joubert syndrome, and nephronophthisis. This evidence concerns the gene CDKN2A and nephronophthisis.