Noteworthy, a pancreatic tumor patient had a partial response with 50% reduction in tumor burden following treatment with trametinib plus hydroxychloroquine, while there was no obvious evidence of concurrent toxicity.457 As such, cooperatively targeting autophagy and MEK/ERK is a promising therapeutic strategy for treating KRAS mutant pancreatic tumors, as well as advanced gastrointestinal malignancies (NCT05221320), biliary cancer (NCT04566133), NSCLC (NCT04735068), and gastrointestinal cancer (NCT04214418) (Table 3). Here, KRAS is linked to pancreatic neoplasm.