CCND1 and colorectal carcinoma: Mutations in the β-catenin, APC, AXIN1, and AXIN2 genes, or other Wnt pathway genes, can lead to translocation of the β-catenin protein into the nucleus, where it acts as a transcriptional activator by binding to T cell factors (TCFs) or lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) family members and induces target genes such as c-myc and cyclin D1 in CRC (73–76).