Nevertheless, glial-specific experimental manipulations of immune regulators in both Drosophila and mammalian models, including NFκB signaling (flies and mice) and the AD susceptibility gene TREM2 (mice), can potently modify neurodegeneration, consistent with cell non-autonomous requirements (Walter, 2016; Kounatidis et al., 2017; Petersen et al., 2012; Hakim-Mishnaevski et al., 2019; Fuhrmann et al., 2010; Town et al., 2008; Leyns and Holtzman, 2017; Wang et al., 2022). Here, NFKB1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.