Indeed, both insect and mammalian neurons express evolutionary-conserved innate immune signaling pathways, including Toll-like receptors and NFκB signal transduction components, and these pathways can be triggered by infection or other cellular insults (Lehnardt et al., 2003; Tang et al., 2007; Cao et al., 2013; Cho et al., 2013; Petersen et al., 2013; Welch et al., 2022). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is infection.