In addition, alterations in various cell signaling pathways promote tumor cell proliferation, progression, and survival, such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine–threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT) the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) [8], the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the HER-2 tyrosine kinase [27], the Hedgehog [28], the tumor protein p53, and the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) [29] signaling pathways. The gene discussed is PTEN; the disease is neoplasm.