Spatial imaging analysis of >4 × 106 cells across 25 samples revealed that in pTRT cell-high BrM, a larger proportion of CD8+ TILs was in close proximity (20 μm) to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which include resident microglia (MG; identified as CD45+CD68+ and/or P2RY12+CD49D–) and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs; identified as CD45+CD68+ and/or P2RY12+CD49D+), compared to glioma or pTRT cell-low BrM (Fig. 5a), allowing for potential direct cellular interactions. This evidence concerns the gene ITGA4 and central nervous system cancer.