RNF166, a family member of E3 ligases, was found indispensable for recruitment of p62 to Salmonella upon infection via directly ubiquitinating p62 at K91 and K189 in a K29- and K33-linked manner, which inhibits bacterial replication through xenophagy but without altering host cell’s autophagic flux (Heath et al., 2016). Here, SQSTM1 is linked to infection.