SLC5A1 and diabetes mellitus: In the context of diabetes, there is mounting evidence that flavonols may influence carbohydrate metabolism by modulating α-amylase (the glucose-generating digestive enzyme) and the secondary active transporters (sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 [SGLT1] and glucose transporter 2 [GLUT2]) that mediate intestinal glucose absorption, among various other proposed mechanisms [53, 163].