Once activated by the chemokine ligand CCL2, CCR2 can stimulate multiple downstream signaling pathways in cancers, including the PI3K-Akt, RAC-GTPase, and PKC signaling pathways.39 However, the downstream signaling pathways and profibrotic genes activated by CCR2 in the context of liver fibrosis have not been fully explored. Here, CCL2 is linked to cancer.