CCR2 and Hepatic fibrosis: CCR2 is a marker gene depicting immunocyte infiltration and fibrotic severity in preclinical research.19, 20, 34 Activated CCR2 causes M1-polarized macrophage recruitment and ECM-producing HSC activation, ultimately leading to liver fibrosis.12, 21, 35 Consistently, we verified the upregulation of CCR2 in murine and human fibrotic livers.