Finally, we explored whether factors such as ATF4, GPX4, GSS, KEAP1, NFE2 like BZIP transcription factor 2 (NEF2L2), SLC7A11, SQSTM1, ATG3, ATG4D, and ATG5 have potential as non-invasive diagnostic markers for ovarian cancer. Here, SQSTM1 is linked to ovarian cancer.