Obesity induces adipocyte dysfunction, with adipokine secretion and macrophage activation leading to proinflammatory cytokine such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production and the release of anti-inflammatory adipokines such as adiponectin reduction (45). Here, ADIPOQ is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.