Referring on previously reported VFs of other bacterial pathogens, E. piscicida may rely on Flagella, Type IV pili, and Lap for adhesion and infection (55, 56); Bsa T3SS and Dot/Icm for invasion, intracellular replication, and immune escape (57, 58); Legiobactin, IraAB, and Hpt for survival and growth (46, 59, 60); HP-NAP, Capsule1, and FarAB for evasion of host immune defenses and killing (61–63); and LPS3 for poisoning and killing the host (63). The gene discussed is HP; the disease is infection.