Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IR in PCOS, including increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by peripheral blood leukocytes, activation of leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and increased levels of the pro-inflammatory transcription NF-κβ, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein (98). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and polycystic ovary syndrome.