CSF2 and prostate cancer: Anti-SP therapy could strongly suppress cell growth and induce apoptosis in breast, colon, or prostate cancer cell lines and decrease the steady state of Her2 and EGFR (150).DCs, the target of immunotherapy protocols aimed at the stimulation of cellular immune responses, do not always function ex vivo. Signaling via NK1R can rescue DCs from apoptosis due to the lack of GM-CSF and IL-4 for ex vivo generation of immune-stimulatory DCs (143).