CLCF1 mainly derives from CAF and induces chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6 (CXCL6) and TGF- β secretion from HCC cells, which activate CAFs to express more CLCF1 through ERK1/2 signaling, generating a positive feedback loop. Here, CLCF1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.