Most notable are the discoveries of SACs 19,20 and S. aureus invasion and colonization of the OLCN during chronic osteomyelitis 21,22 and that SOC antibiotics (i.e. vancomycin and gentamycin) have little to no effects on these biofilms.6,7,14,23 Thus, drug development efforts are needed towards bone-targeted antibiotics that can kill bacteria within mature SACs and OLCN. Here, SACS is linked to osteomyelitis.