The expression levels of FGF-2 are elevated in a compensatory manner in dementia (Stopa et al., 1990; Tennakoon et al., 2022), whereas the artificial modulation of FGF-2 levels improves cognitive function in rodents (Kiyota et al., 2011; Feng et al., 2012; Numakawa et al., 2015). The gene discussed is FGF2; the disease is dementia.