The subjects with consistent non-NAFLD were younger by age, had lower BMI, WC, blood pressure, plasma glucose, TG, and higher HDL-C, whereas sustained-NAFLD group was older and had higher BMI, WC, blood pressure, plasma glucose, insulin resistance, and more adverse lipid metabolism at baseline (all p < 0.0001). Here, INS is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.