NOTCH3 promotes tumor cell survival and proliferation, induces EMT and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, and has been linked to various clinical and pathological features, including larger tumor size, advanced TNM stage, higher pathological grade, and tumor metastasis (Pastò et al., 2014; Aburjania et al., 2018; Xiu et al., 2021). Here, NOTCH3 is linked to neoplasm.