MTOR and epilepsy: Previously, a series of mTOR pathway genes have been identified to be associated with epilepsy and neurodevelopment abnormalities (NDD), including TSC1, TSC2, PTEN, STRADA, MTOR, AKT3, PIK3CA, RHEB, DEPDC5, NPRL2, and NPRL3 (Moloney et al., 2021).