TNF and Alzheimer disease: 2001). Increased expression of brain TNF-α activates neuronal apoptosis (Varfolomeev and Ashkenazi 2004; Li et al. 2004) via several mechanisms that lead to neurodegeneration including severe degeneration of cholinergic neurons in cortical and hippocampal areas of the brain (Whitehouse et al. 1982; Coyle et al. 1983), which is one of the most fundamental and consistent features that contribute to AD in humans (Whitehouse et al. 1981). Not surprisingly, TNF-α blocker biologics have shown some promise in AD management (Torres-Acosta et al. 2020).