TGFB1 and cancer: The increased oxygen and food requirements of cancer cells need the initiation of angiogenesis.329 Neovascularization included a wide range of factors like hypoxia, hyperosmotic pressure, and angiogenic factors like VEGF, TGF-β, COX-2, placenta growth factor (PGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), angiotensin (Ang), and chemokines, is essential for tumor invasion and metastasis.