MMP9 and neoplasm: TAMs were shown to stimulate tumor angiogenesis by Cui’s group through increased TGF-1 and IL-10 production, stimulating endothelial cell proliferation.332 Indirectly aiding angiogenic invasion, TAMs produce proteases such as MMP9, MMP2, and MMP3, which allow them to destroy ECM.333 Since an abnormal Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade promoted cancer formation,334 it is clear that this route plays a role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis.