CD40LG and cardiovascular disorder: In patients without prior cardiovascular disease followed long-term, higher titers of IgM OSE directed to a variety of epitopes, including advanced glycation end-products, phosphocholine, oxidized cardiolipin, MDA, and copper-oxidized LDL have been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease in many (51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56), but not in all studies (20).