Furthermore, mice overexpressing a single-chain fragment of the murine monoclonal IgM antibody E06 have reduced myocardial infarct size following ischemia–reperfusion injury (65), a marked reduction in the progression of atherosclerosis, lower aortic valve gradients (6), reduction in manifestations of non-alcoholic hepatosteatosis (10), and improved bone metabolism (34, 36). This evidence concerns the gene CD40LG and atherosclerosis.