Compared with the benign prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-1, the expression of PHB1 was significantly upregulated in the 4 CRPC cell lines, DU-145, C4 -2B, 22Rv1 and PC-3, yet slightly upregulated in the ADPC cell line LNCaP and the androgen-sensitive PCa cell line VCaP with wild-type AR [49, 50] (Fig. 1C). Here, AR is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.