TGFB1 and breast carcinoma: TGF-β could be activated through TPF and IS signaling and it promotes its nuclear translocation in hypoxic tumors [41, 44, 45] Moreover, amygdalin showed an anticancer effect in an in vivo model of Ehrlich solid carcinoma and was shown to reduce VEGF expression in this model and was suggested by Abdel-Rafei et al., [41] as a potential therapy for breast cancer.