A clinical trial of once-weekly TZT in T2DM patients illustrated that at 26 weeks of treatment, TZT led to the significant reduction of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), chitosan-3 like protein 1 (YKL-40), leptin and CRP compared to the baseline values. This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.