Soria et al. investigated the expression of CCL2 along with CCL5, TNFα, and interleukin (IL)-1β by IHC in breast samples of 38 healthy individuals and 88 BC patients (30 ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS] patients, 23 IDC patients who remained free after treatment and 35 IDC patients who relapsed with metastases or local tumors or who died of BC). Here, TNF is linked to ductal breast carcinoma in situ.