STING1 and neoplasm: Thus, the administration of STING agonists and inhibition of Trex1 could be attractive methods to increase tumor immunogenicity.38,41 Amplification of the STING signaling cascade can activate multiple signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB and interferon regulatory factor (IRF3) pathways, to achieve the complex effects of STING signaling; these are mainly immune-activating effects, such as DC activation, M1 polarization, inhibiting the immunosuppressive effects of MDSCs and inhibiting the terminal differentiation of CD8+ T cells.