TGF-β-MDSCs seem to be a promising radioenhancer because RT combined with intratumoral administration of TGF-β-MDSCs can result in the regression and long-term tumor control of cancerous lesions in vivo.127 Ablative the PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) or the nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which is downstream of PERK in MDSCs induce the release of mtDNA as a result of oxidative stress and reprogram MDSCs into immunostimulatory cells by activating the intrinsic cGAS-STING pathway. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.