TNF and cancer: CD56brightCD16− NK cells can release abundant cytokines, such as IFN-γ and TNF-α, and chemoattractants, such as CCL5 and XCL1, to attract cDC1s to the TME.192 CD56dimCD16+ NK cells account for a large proportion of NK cells in the blood and directly kill cancer cells by secreting perforin and granzyme in the early stage of killing and by expressing FasL and TRAIL in the later stage to induce cancer cell apoptosis without the need for prior antigen priming.193–195