CD4 and Abnormal intestine morphology: One of the hallmarks of HIV infection is a rapid and profound depletion of CD4+ T-cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) (Brenchley et al., 2006), resulting in an enteropathy (Brenchley, 2013) with an increased translocation of microbial products, including inflammatory bacterial endotoxin, despite ART.