DHODH and cancer: Table 4 reveals that the reactions R_DHORD9, R_ADSL1, and R_ADSS were regulated by their corresponding genes, namely DHODH, ADSL, and ADSS1, respectively. Consequently, the blockage of each reaction matched with the corresponding gene knockout (Table 4). The essential gene CAD (Table 3) catalyzed three sequential reactions, namely R_CBPS, R_ASPCTr, and R_DHORTS. Therefore, the blockage of each reaction inhibited the growth and proliferation of the cancer cells of each CMS and yielded a satisfactory metabolic deviation grade (Table 4).