This gene signature is comprised of the top six differentially expressed genes between LNCaP prostate cancer epithelial cells grown in co-culture with HPS-19I cells that were stimulated TGF-β, versus 5 control conditions: LNCaP/HPS-19I co-culture without TGF-β stimulation, LNCaP/HPS-19I with SD-208 TGF-β receptor inhibitor (with or without TGF-β simulation), and HPS-19I cells grown alone (with or without TGF-β stimulation) (Fig. 5C). Here, TGFB1 is linked to Familial prostate cancer.