MALAT1 and cancer: For example, MALAT1 (or NEAT2) is upregulated in non-small-cell lung cancer and can be used as a biomarker for early cancer prognosis (Gutschner et al., 2013), and the use of lncRNA HOTAIR has been explored as a potential biomarker for detecting recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (Topel et al., 2020).