Subsequently, several monoclonal antibodies (e.g., nivolumab and pembrolizumab) against PD-1 and others (atezolizumab and durvalumab) against PD-L1 received FDA approval as immunotherapies for various cancer types, including melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and stomach cancer (9). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is cancer.