Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and brain ischemia are environmental stressors, overexpression of G3BP1, TIA-1, TIAR, TTP, FMRP, cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein (CPEB), SMN, dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 3 (DYRK3), tRNA fragments, and sodium azide are mitochondrial poisons; pateamine A, hippuristanol, silvestrol, 15d-PGJ2, prostaglandin A1 (PGA1), selenite and other compounds promote SGs formation in a p-eIF2α-dependent manner. Here, DYRK3 is linked to brain ischemia.