It is reported that intraperitoneal administration of melatonin (15 or 30 mg/kg) for 15 days can successfully rescue CIS-induced primordial follicle loss by inhibiting phosphorylation of PTEN/AKT/FOXO3a pathway components and preventing FOXO3a nuclear shuttling in primordial follicles [42]. The gene discussed is FOXO3; the disease is in situ carcinoma.