In addition, lower abundance Lactobacillus was also observed in people with NAFLD, and ingestion of Lactobacillus was regarded as a useful therapeutic option for the treatment of NAFLD to reduce lipid levels (TC and TG) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) [10, 53]. Here, IL6 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.