CD4 and disease arising from reactivation of latent virus: The increase of latent infection in IEC stimulated CD4 + T cells compared with resting CD4 + T cells alone was statistically significant for both IEC − and IEC + (Fig. 4C, p values 0.025 and 0.028 respectively), showing that IEC stimulation results in significantly more latent infection in resting CD4 + T cells.