Taken together, the effects of CCR2/CCR5 inhibition may improve some aspects of ASCVD; however, since activation of both CCR2 and CCR5 receptors directly activate hepatic stellate cells which promote hepatic fibrosis (433), further investigation on the effects of cenicreviroc on vSMCs are indicated to determine whether treatment affects atherosclerotic plaque stability. Here, CCR5 is linked to atherosclerosis.