BDNF and epilepsy: To determine whether the FSDS phenotype is associated with increased expression of BDNF, we measured the levels of BDNF protein in the brains of 12-month-old FSDS mice and found a dramatic increase in BDNF expression similar or greater to that observed in two chemically induced models of epilepsy (Fig. 3D; normal FVB/N: 3226 ± 343 arbitrary units; FSDS: 13677 ± 417 arbitrary units, p < 0.001).