CKD: Chronic kidney disease; RAAS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; BMI: Body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; PWV: Pulse wave velocity; ACR: Albumin creatinine ratio; e-GFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; U/S: Ultrasound examination. Here, ALB is linked to chronic kidney disease.