An understanding of the genetic and immunological determinants of resistance to infection (e.g., autosomal recessive deficiencies of CCR5 in HIV-1 infection and deficiency of ACKR1 in Plasmodium vivax infection) may provide a road map for identifying monogenic or common determinants of resistance or susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2 [54, 118]. Here, CCR5 is linked to HIV-1 infection.