Heterozygous loss of function of Tfap2b in humans causes CHAR syndrome (CHAR, OMIM#169,100), which is characterized by abnormalities in anterior body patterning and development including patent ductus arteriosus (a congenital heart disorder), facial dysmorphism and clinodactyly (shortened or absent middle segment of the 5th finger)12,13. This evidence concerns the gene TFAP2B and Char syndrome.